Zanzibar Island
A short history of the 'spice island'
Zanzibar Island (or Unguja) is the largest of a group of small Indian Ocean islands lying close to the coast of mainland Tanzania. The island is believed to have been inhabited for over 2000 years. Changes brought to the island by invaders and empire builders of Persian, Arabic and Portuguese origin are reflected in the colorful architecture, ruined cities, palaces and the variety of festivals celebrated throughout the islands.
In the 19th Century, Omani Arabs controlled Zanzibar. With the establishment of clove plantations introduced from Madagascar, the island grew rich from trade in spices. In addition to cloves, the island was a major trading point for ivory and a clearing house for thousands of African slaves.
Most slaves that survived the perilous journey from the African interior were held in brutal conditions in Zanzibar before being shipped to markets in Arabia, India, and French outposts in the Indian Ocean. The tax levied on each sale increased the prosperity of Zanzibar, but in particular, the prosperity of the sultan ruler. Small numbers of slaves were forced to labor on the island's spice plantations. The descendent of these laborers make up the majority of the African ethnic groups on the island today.
Why visit Zanzibar?
Zanzibar is an exotic location for a complete change of pace. The island is surrounded by pristine coral reefs, calm and clear water, natural lagoons, mangrove swamps and beautiful coconut palm fringed sandy beaches. You choose how to spend your time in Zanzibar – snorkeling, diving, walking, exploring the historic charms of Stone Town, relaxing on the beach.
Stone Town, the main town, lies on the west coast. A labyrinth of Arabian style crooked alleyways, old mansions, palaces and bazaars are worthy of exploring over several days. A guided city tour will give you a taste of the history and culture of Stone Town before you explore for yourself.
Spice plantations are mostly located on the western side of Zanzibar island. A spice tour makes an interesting and visually stimulating day trip. The tour will take you from the Anglican cathedral (built to commemorate the end of slavery) to the slave caves at Mwangapani, where hundreds of people were held to await death or a lifetime of slavery. The tour can include a trip to Grave Island to see the cemetery dedicated to those people who lost their lives fighting against the slave trade.
Jozani Forest is Zanzibar's largest area of indigenous forest and home to many wildlife species. You can take a guided walk through the uniquely beautiful rainforest to see the rare red colobus monkeys. As a contrast to the forest walk, the afternoon can be spent visiting Kizimkazi on the southern tip of the island. An idyllic coastline where bottlenose and spinner dolphins are regular guests
Tropical beaches and islands are beautiful and plentiful. Some more quiet than others. Some with nearby facilities for diving and snorkeling. Dhow sailing between islands is a peaceful activity. You can take a boat trip to Prison Island. The island was first used to detain recalcitrant slaves and later became a quarantine station for Zanzibar, Kenya, Uganda and then Tanganyika. Today Prison Island is known for its giant tortoises, excellent views of Zanzibar town, fine bathing and snorkeling.
